This CSS Cyberdefense report by Eugenio Benincasa examines how a core group of red hackers from the 1990s and 2000s laid the groundwork for China’s modern cyber capabilities and traces their ...

China’s growing capabilities in science and technology have raised concerns about global power balances. In his CSS Analysis, Leo Eigner describes how, as geopolitical tensions increase, China is ...

The annual Bulletin on Swiss Security Policy (Bulletin zur schweizerischen Sicherheitspolitik) deals with current issues in Swiss foreign and security policy and presents selected CSS projects. It ...

The IT Army of Ukraine was stood up in an ad-hoc manner without a clearly structured and proven plan. Born out of necessity, the IT Army subsequently evolved into a hybrid construct that is neither ...

NATO has designated cyberspace as a domain of warfare and recognized that an adversarial cyber campaign could trigger the Alliance’s collective defense mechanism under Article 5. Given the ...

This edited volume compiled by CSS director Andreas Wenger and Alex S. Wilner focuses on contemporary denial, bridging the theoretical gap that persists between classical deterrence theory and ...

Since the “Zeitenwende”, the shape of Switzerland’s neutrality has once again become a controversial subject domestically. The Federal Council has so far seen no need to change course, but will have ...

In response to profound changes in the geopolitical landscape, the European Union is pursuing a more independent and assertive international role. This shift has raised questions about how the drive ...

In the lead for Survival, the International Institute for Strategic Studies’ bi-monthly journal, CSS researchers Alexander Bollfrass and Stephen Herzog explain that the global nuclear order is very ...

The aim of this book is to review the use of technology in monitoring and verifying ceasefires, drawing on the Ukraine experience between 2014 and 24 February 2022. It explores the question of how ...

Der CSS Cyberdefense Report von Eugenio Benincasa untersucht, wie eine Kerngruppe von Red Hackern aus den 1990er- und 2000er-Jahren den Grundstein für Chinas moderne Cyberfähigkeiten legte und ...

Blackouts, which are large-scale and long-lasting power outages, can significantly impact society. Planning for their consequences requires continuous attention from the state, its citizens, and the ...