More patients referred for nAMD treatment via an optometry-led pathway receive timely care than those referred through a national system.

Eyes with high myopia, treated with dual focus contact lenses, experience less peripheral myopic defocus than eyes with lower myopia.

The prevalence of amblyopia, ametropia, and strabisumus is elevated among individuals with color vision deficiency.

Persistent smoking from age 10 through 24 years is associated with increased odds of premature cardiac and structural injury.